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[FNAME] => Esteban
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[EMAIL] => esteban.galeano@msstate.edu
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[STAFF_TITLE] => Assistant Professor
[ROOMNUM] => Thompson Hall, Rm 351
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[NAME] => Forest and Wildlife Research Center
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[RESEARCH_INTERESTS] => Forest genetics
Tree improvement
Statistical analysis
Quantitative and population genetis
Breeding and biotechnology
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[DEG] => Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
[SCHOOL] => University of Sao Paulo
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[MAJOR] => Plant Cell and Molecular Biology
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[DEG] => Bachelor of Science (B.S.)
[SCHOOL] => National University of Colombia
[CITY] => Medellin
[STATE] => Colombia
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[MAJOR] => Forestry Engineering
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[NAME] => North American Forest Genetics Society
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[DESC] => The North American Forest Genetics Society (NAFGS) is a professional society that serves as an information resource and advocacy group for the practice of the discipline of forest genetics and genomics in North America. Historically, the discipline of forest genetics has been served by regional organizations in the US, Canada and Mexico (Wheeler et al. 2015). These organizations organize annual or biannual meetings and have been very effective in serving their regional communities. However, with changes in public land management and consolidation in private forest land ownership and a transition to genomic versus genetic based research by academic researchers, there has been both a decline in the discipline and a shift in research direction and priorities (Wheeler et al. 2015). It seems timely that the discipline now be served by a single society that seeks to coordinate activities among regional groups and develop a strong and unified voice that advocates more effectively for the discipline. Membership to the NAFGS is open to all practitioners of the discipline of forest genetics and genomics not only from North America but from throughout the world.
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[NAME] => The Ecological Society of America
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[DESC] => The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization of scientists founded in 1915 to (1) promote ecological science by improving communication among ecologists; (2) raise the public’s level of awareness of the importance of ecological science; (3) increase the resources available for the conduct of ecological science; and (4) ensure the appropriate use of ecological science in environmental decision making by enhancing communication between the ecological community and policy-makers. Ecology is the scientific discipline that is concerned with the relationships between organisms and their past, present, and future environments. These relationships include physiological responses of individuals, structure, and dynamics of populations, interactions among species, organization of biological communities, and processing of energy and matter in ecosystems.
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[NAME] => Canadian Forest Genetics Association
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[DESC] => The Canadian Forest Genetics Association is an academic and professional organization that forests scientific and technological advancement and information exchange to improve forest management policies and practices in Canada.
[DTM_START] => July
[DTD_START] => 1
[DTY_START] => 2018
[START_START] => 2018-07-01
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[NAME] => Society of American Foresters
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[LEADERSHIP] => Chair-Elect D1 Forest Health and Genetics working group
[SCOPE] => National
[DESC] => The Society of American Foresters is a professional organization representing the forestry industry in the United States.
[DTM_START] => January
[DTD_START] => 1
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[START_START] => 2023-01-01
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[DTM_END] => December
[DTD_END] => 31
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[TITLE] => Underlying causes for low seed yields in Alberta lodgepole pine seed orchards
[COMPSTAGE] => In-Process
[COMMENT] => Julian Garcia is a PhD student at the Biotechnology-Plant Biology Department, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, University Polytechnic of Madrid, under the supervision of Dr. Julio Isidro y Sánchez. I began as minor professor of his Ph.D. thesis in August 2023, with one of his thesis chapters titled "Underlying causes for low seed yields in Alberta lodgepole pine seed orchards."
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[TITLE] => Genetics of American Chestnut
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[COMMENT] => Charles Burdine began his master's program in August 2023. I am currently his major professor. His thesis is titled "Genetics of American Chestnut".
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[DTD_START] => 16
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[START_START] => 2023-08-16
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[FNAME] => Mary Megan
[LNAME] => McTeague
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[SHDEP] => Forestry
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[COURSENUM] => 8000
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[TITLE] => Investigating Plant-Pollinator Network Associations in Managed Forests of Mississippi and Alabama
[COMPSTAGE] => In-Process
[COMMENT] => Mary McTeague began her master's program in August 2023. I am currently his co-major professor. Her thesis is titled "Investigating Plant-Pollinator Network Associations in Managed Forests of Mississippi and Alabama"
[DTM_START] => August
[DTD_START] => 16
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[START_START] => 2023-08-16
[START_END] => 2023-08-16
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[COMMUNITY_ENGAGEMENT] => Yes
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[FNAME] => Anna Bailey
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[SHDEP] => Forestry
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[TITLE] => Seed collection and propagation of three sensitive Southern U.S. oak species
[COMPSTAGE] => In-Process
[COMMENT] => Anna Sisson began her undergraduate research project in my lab in August 2023. She is part of the project titled "Seed collection and propagation of three sensitive Southern U.S. oak species."
[DTM_START] => August
[DTD_START] => 16
[DTY_START] => 2023
[START_START] => 2023-08-16
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[FNAME] => Anna C
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[TITLE] => Sexual and asexual propagation of elite germplasm of eastern cottonwood aiming biofuel production
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[COMMENT] => Anna Jenkins began her undergraduate research project in my lab in August 2023. She is part of the project titled "Sexual and asexual propagation of elite germplasm of eastern cottonwood aiming biofuel production."
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[FNAME] => Evan G
[LNAME] => Moore
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[SHDEP] => Forestry
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[TITLE] => Improving Leyland cypress (Cupressus × leylandii) propagation and production strategies within the Gulf Coast
[COMPSTAGE] => In-Process
[COMMENT] => Evan Moore began his undergraduate research project in my lab in August 2023. He is part of the project titled "Improving Leyland cypress (Cupressus × leylandii) propagation and production strategies within the Gulf Coast."
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[DTD_START] => 16
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[START_START] => 2023-08-16
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[COMMUNITY_ENGAGEMENT] => Yes
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[FNAME] => Jonathan Thomas
[LNAME] => Favretto
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[SHDEP] => Biological Sciences
[COURSEPRE] => FO
[COURSENUM] => 4800
[CHOURS] => 2
[TITLE] => Genetics of American Chestnut
[COMPSTAGE] => In-Process
[COMMENT] => Jonathan Favretto began his undergraduate research project in my lab in August 2023. He was part of the project titled "Genetics of American Chestnut."
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[START_END] => 2023-08-16
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[FNAME] => Daniel Alejandro
[LNAME] => Rojas Hernandez
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[SHDEP] => Other (Outside Mississippi State University)
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[TITLE] => Genetics and tree improvement of Pinus patula
[COMPSTAGE] => In-Process
[COMMENT] => Daniel Rojas is an undergraduate student at the National University of Colombia under the supervision of Dr. Andres Cortez. I began as co-advisor of his undergraduate thesis in August 2023, with one of his thesis chapters titled "Genetics and tree improvement of Pinus patula."
[DTM_START] => June
[DTD_START] => 16
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[START_START] => 2023-06-16
[START_END] => 2023-06-16
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[COMMUNITY_ENGAGEMENT] => Yes
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[TYPE] => Supervised Undergraduate Research
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[FNAME] => Abigail Elizabeth
[LNAME] => Allison
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[SHDEP] => Agricultural & Biological Engineering
[COURSEPRE] => FO
[COURSENUM] => 4800
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[TITLE] => Effect of fertilization and phytohormone application on growth, carbon allocation and physiology in longleaf pine seedlings in Mississippi, USA
[COMPSTAGE] => Completed
[COMMENT] => Abigail Elizabeth was part of my lab as an undergraduate researcher between August and December 2023. She was part of the project titled "Effect of fertilization and phytohormone application on growth, carbon allocation and physiology in longleaf pine seedlings in Mississippi, USA."
[DTM_START] => August
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[DTD_END] => 10
[DTY_END] => 2023
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[END_END] => 2023-12-10
[COMMUNITY_ENGAGEMENT] => Yes
[MSU_MISSION] => Yes
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[@attributes] => Array
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[id] => 293277997057
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[FNAME] => Paul
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[SHDEP] => Biological Sciences
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)
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[TITLE] => Sexual and asexual propagation of elite germplasm of eastern cottonwood aiming biofuel production
[COMPSTAGE] => Completed
[COMMENT] => Paul Perez was part of my lab as an undergraduate researcher between July and August 2023. He was part of a project titled "Sexual and asexual propagation of elite germplasm of eastern cottonwood aiming biofuel production."
[DTM_START] => July
[DTD_START] => 1
[DTY_START] => 2023
[START_START] => 2023-07-01
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[DTD_END] => 15
[DTY_END] => 2023
[END_START] => 2023-08-15
[END_END] => 2023-08-15
[COMMUNITY_ENGAGEMENT] => Yes
[MSU_MISSION] => Yes
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[id] => 293278373888
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[TYPE] => Supervised Undergraduate Research
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[@attributes] => Array
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[id] => 293278373889
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[FNAME] => Marcus Andrew
[LNAME] => Bridgman
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[SHDEP] => Computer Science & Engineering
[COURSEPRE] => FO
[COURSENUM] => 4800
[CHOURS] => 3
[TITLE] => Boxwood blight recognition using transfer learning and custom Convolutional Neural Networks
[COMPSTAGE] => Completed
[COMMENT] => Marcus Bridgman was part of my lab as an undergraduate researcher between May and August 2023. He was part of a project titled "Boxwood blight recognition using transfer learning and custom Convolutional Neural Networks."
[DTM_START] => May
[DTD_START] => 21
[DTY_START] => 2023
[START_START] => 2023-05-21
[START_END] => 2023-05-21
[DTM_END] => August
[DTD_END] => 15
[DTY_END] => 2023
[END_START] => 2023-08-15
[END_END] => 2023-08-15
[COMMUNITY_ENGAGEMENT] => Yes
[MSU_MISSION] => Yes
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[id] => 293278562304
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[TYPE] => Supervised Undergraduate Research
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)
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)
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[@attributes] => Array
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[id] => 293278562305
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[TITLE] => Exploring Seed Dispersal as a Recovery Mechanism For Endangered Plants in River Floodplains
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[COMMENT] => Breelyn Bigbee was part of my lab as an undergraduate researcher between January and May 2023. She was part of a project titled "Exploring Seed Dispersal as a Recovery Mechanism For Endangered Plants in River Floodplains."
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[TITLE] => Effect of fertilization and phytohormone application on growth, carbon allocation and physiology in longleaf pine seedlings in Mississippi, USA
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[COMMENT] => Dylan Hester was part of my lab as an undergraduate researcher between January and May 2023. He was part of the project titled "Effect of fertilization and phytohormone application on growth, carbon allocation and physiology in longleaf pine seedlings in Mississippi, USA."
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[TITLE] => Generating elite germplasm of trees through controlled pollination aiming at biofuel and carbon fiber production, and drought tolerance
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[COMMENT] => Olivia Burdine was part of my lab as an undergraduate researcher between January and May 2023. She was part of a project titled "Generating elite germplasm of trees through controlled pollination aiming at biofuel and carbon fiber production, and drought tolerance."
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[TITLE] => Controlled pollination, conelet abortion & pollen germination testing in lodgepole pine, Alberta, Canada
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[ABSTRACT] => In Spring 2021, the Thomas lab performed controlled pollination (CP) using a polymix of six fathers, in the B1Ph2 and B2Ph1 orchards at HASOC, Alberta. In summer 2021, following pollination, both open pollinated (OP) and CP conelets were reassessed to determine abortion rates. In August 2022, approximately five cones from the OP and CP branches were collected for further analysis. The results were striking and showed that the CP virtually eliminated abortion of the conelets, regardless of the abortion rate ranking (low versus high) of the female. In the B1Ph2 orchard, OP showed higher seed production among all clones (30 seeds per clone) than open pollination (26 seeds per clone), with clone HU3074 (OP and CP) showing the lowest seed production and clones HU03133 and HU03106 (OP) showing the highest seed production. In the B2Ph1 orchard, OP and CP cones showed similar seed production among all clones, with clone 1034 (CP and OP) showing the lowest seed production and clone 1205 showing the highest seed production. The pollen germination testing showed three different trends: poor germination, germination with forking and clubbing, and good germination. Pollen from the B1Ph2 orchard showed a range of 45-55% germination rate, with no differences between the ranking of abortion levels in the donor trees (clones). Pollen germination in the B2Ph1 orchard showed statistical differences among means from the different abortion level rankings of the donor trees, with the low abortion rate clones showing the highest pollen germination (60%), followed by medium and high abortion rate clones with 45% and 47% of germination rate, respectively. In conclusion, controlled pollination using a polymix appears to be a promising option to virtually eliminate conelet abortion rates.
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[TITLE] => Foliar nutrient analysis and conelet abortion in lodgepole pine, Alberta, Canada
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[ABSTRACT] => Foliar nutrient content and their ratios in lodgepole pine trees from three different seed orchards (B1Ph1, B1Ph2, B2Ph1) at the Huallen (HASOC) seed orchard facility in Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada, are described and their correlations with soil organic matter and conelet abortion rates. This report also shows the spatial analysis for foliar nutrients across the three orchards during the three years of analysis. Results since 2014 have shown that the B2Ph1 orchard has had consistently high abortion rates (2014 (57%), 2015 (66%), 2016 (71%), 2017 (44%), 2018 and 2020 (37%)), correlating with low foliar nutrient content and poor soil quality. The B1Ph2 orchard showed the highest abortion rates and lowest N, P, K, Mg, S, B, and Cu for 2019, 2020, and 2021 among the three orchards. For the B1Ph2 orchard, Ca showed a higher content than expected, producing competitive inhibition with K and Mg for 2019 and 2020, which stabilized in 2021. For the B1Ph2 orchard, it is recommended an application of K-mag fertilizer be made to balance the K:Ca and Mg:Ca ratios when competitive inhibition occurs. Orchard maps provided show the correlation between abortion and nutritional status, and identify which areas in the orchards have nutritional and abortion issues: the B1Ph2 orchard, for example, showed higher abortion than the other orchards, and relatively high abortion rates and low nutrient content for N, P, K, Mg and high Ca content on the left side of the figure (west side of orchard), while the B2Ph1 orchard showed high abortion rates and a lower content of P, S and high content of Zn on the right side of the figure (east side of the orchard) in 2020. These results demonstrate that the high abortion rate and nutrient status can be effectively tracked through spatial analysis, to assist with management and decision-making. A relevant discussion about nutrient uptake, competition, and case studies are also provided in this report. The findings of this document show the relevance of analyzing and considering the ratios of exchangeable bases, comparative analysis of soil properties with foliar nutritional content, and the spatial distribution of nutrients. We encourage soil sampling to be undertaken by sector in each orchard in the upcoming years.
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[TITLE] => General aspects of conelet abortion in lodgepole pine, Alberta, Canada
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[ABSTRACT] => In the last decade, researchers and managers at HASOC (Alberta) observed significant conelet abortion in the B2Ph1 lodgepole pine seed orchard. In 2014, as part of an Industrial Research Chair (IRC1) in Tree Improvement held by Thomas, the Thomas Lab (University of Alberta) began several projects to understand the causes and to identify potential solutions to decrease these high abortion rates. Following the results from the IRC project, this Collaborate Research and Development (CRD/NSERC) project began in 2019, with the goal of studying conelet abortion in much greater depth, across three years (2019, 2020, 2021), and in three lodgepole pine orchards (B1Ph1, B1Ph2, B2Ph1) located at the HASOC facility. The components investigated included abortion rate, site conditions, grafts vs clones, microclimate, foliar nutrients, vegetation indices (drones), drought stress (d13C), root system (Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR), and controlled pollination. In general, lodgepole pine abortion occurs during the spring following initiation, shortly after pollination occurs, corresponding to early-mid June; with conelets that have been collected in mid-June, even if still located on the branches, already necrotic.
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[TITLE] => Microclimate and conelet abortion in lodgepole pine, Alberta, Canada
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[ABSTRACT] => Little information is known about the impact of microclimate and water availability on seed and cone production. Previous studies have found that high environmental temperatures (e.g. 45°C) can cause premature fruit abortion in vanilla. In addition, microenvironment variation can influence nutrient uptake. For example, when microclimate conditions are optimal, phosphorous and boron are usually more efficiently absorbed compared to the other nutrients. We analyzed the differences in d13C (an indicator of water use efficiency) from 2019 tissue samples among the three orchards. We also evaluated the temperature and relative humidity (average, maximum, minimum) from HOBO sensors located in the three seed orchards (B1Ph1, B1Ph2, B2Ph1) using spatial analysis, and correlated this spatial analysis of environmental conditions with the abortion rates and foliar nutrient content. Interestingly, we found similar values of temperature and relative humidity between the microclimate (HOBO sensors) and the values from the Grande Prairie weather station. Next, we observed a significant positive Pearson’s correlation between abortion and maximum temperature and a negative Pearson’s correlation between abortion and average relative humidity, for the three orchards across the three years. The three orchards presented different correlation trends between microclimate and foliar nutrients. For example, the B1Ph orchard showed high correlations between relative humidity and foliar content of N, P, K, and S. In the spatial analysis, the B1Ph1, B1Ph2, and B2Ph1 orchards showed, in general, the highest temperatures in the lower left corner (SW), left side (W), and right side (E) , respectively. For the three orchards and three years, when the minimum, maximum, and average temperatures were high in specific areas, the minimum, maximum, and average relative humidity was low. Finally, we observed high negative correlations between d13C and abortion rates, which indicates that trees with higher water use efficiency presented lower abortion rates. In conclusion, optimal microclimate and efficient water use were concomitant with lower abortion rates, while microclimate also appeared to influence nutrient uptake in the three studied lodgepole pine seed orchards at HASOC, Alberta.
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[TITLE] => OMICS and Machine Learning (ML) of conelet abortion in lodgepole pine, Alberta, Canada
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[ABSTRACT] => Seed orchards are essential in ensuring a reliable supply of high-quality seed for reforestation efforts (Eriksson et al., 1998). However, these orchards often face significant challenges in seed production due to several factors, one of which is conelet abortion. This early abortion problem ultimately results in a shortage of mature cones, limited seed yield per cone, and ultimately, a reduced overall seed supply (Owens & Fernando, 2007). Phenotyping the abortion rate is a complex process that involves combining initial and final counts of cones within a specified time frame. This counting process is not only time-consuming and labour-intensive, but also prone to error due to the scattered distribution of conelets. Furthermore, the abortion rate may be influenced by many factors, including genotype, orchard location and site, seasonal environmental variations, and management practices. It is also directly affected by the phenological stage of the tree. To address these challenges, we are exploring the potential of secondary layers of biological information, often referred to as ‘omics’ (Crossa et al. 2017), to serve as proxies for tree health and, in turn, as predictive traits for the primary parameter of interest, abortion rate. For example, indicators such as foliar nutrient distribution and carbon allocation reflect the physiological efficiency of the plant, and high-throughput phenotyping techniques, such as drone hyperspectral screening, can provide secondary traits that offer insight into the tree’s condition. In this chapter of the report, our primary goal is to investigate the factors influencing abortion rate in lodgepole pine using a machine learning predictive framework. This framework uses indicators of the tree’s physiological condition as proxies, allowing us to infer tree condition accurately, and subsequently predict the abortion rate. By establishing a link between the primary trait and these secondary traits, we can unravel causal relationships between various factors, develop valuable sets of predictive variables, and improve management strategies to address the abortion rate problem. The specific objectives of our study are: (1) identify variables that correlate with abortion characteristics; (2) evaluate the predictive ability of these variables in estimating abortion traits; and (3) determine scenarios in which predictive models can effectively reduce phenotyping effort. These objectives aim to advance our understanding of the lodgepole pine abortion in three of HASOC’s lodgepole pine seed orchards and provide practical insights for managing and improving seed production for reforestation efforts for Alberta forest companies.
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[TITLE] => Root systems and conelet abortion in lodgepole pine, Alberta, Canada
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[ABSTRACT] => Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-destructive geophysical method that sends radar pulses which image the subsurface and allows for the measurement of tree roots, including their number, location, and depth. The pulses generated these subsurface images called ‘picks’ around the base of each tree measured, and the parameter is called a “Root Bulking Rate”. So far, GPR has been primarily used for agriculture crops, and a few trees, but has not previously been used in conifer seed orchards. The purpose of the work was to determine if root architecture, quantity and position could be correlated with conelet abortion rates. The GPR work at HASOC was conducted by Maverick Inspection Ltd., who visited HASOC in 2018 to test the technology (using 10 trees) and then again in 2020, when they collected GPR data on an additional 60 trees, covering five subsurface depths: depth 1 (0-20 cm), depth 2 (20-30 cm), depth 3 (30-40 cm), depth 4 (40-50 cm), and depth 5 (50-60 cm). GPR measurements were taken on a 3m x 3m grid around each tree to a depth of 1.1m based on the 2018 assessment. In 2022, the average total picks and average total picks within 2 meters between rows, root bulking rate per tree for each orchard, proportion of picks per depth, total picks per clone for the three orchards, and correlated total picks with abortion rates of the measured trees and foliar nutrients, were analyzed for the 2020 data. The B2Ph1, B1Ph1 and B1Ph2 orchards showed 66.5, 64.4, and 49.1 root bulking rates per tree for all layers. In general, B1Ph1 and B2Ph1 showed the largest root bulking rate at the different depths. B1Ph1 and B1Ph2 orchards did not show statistical differences in average total picks among clones, despite showing seedling versus grafted parent trees, while B2Ph1 (grafted) showed statistical differences in average total picks among clones. For the B2Ph1 orchard, clone 1023 showed the lowest number of average total picks and clone 667 the highest number of average total picks. Furthermore, we found moderate negative correlations between abortion rates and total picks within 2 meters, for B1Ph2 (R2=0.31) and B2Ph1 (R2=0.17). Finally, only the B2Ph1 showed moderate positive correlations between average total picks and nitrogen (R2=0.4), phosphorous (R2=0.4), potassium (R2=0.23), and calcium (R2=0.35). We can conclude that the GPR method is effective in estimating the number of roots and to help managers understand how root systems can influence conelet abortion and nutrient absorption in grafted and/or seedling conifer seed orchards.
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[TITLE] => Vegetation indices and conelet abortion in lodgepole pine, Alberta, Canada
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[ABSTRACT] => We successfully obtained reflectance values and calculated eight vegetation indices (NDVI, GNDVI, LCI, NDRE, OSAVI, RVI, TVI, NDGI) for the B1Ph1, B1Ph2, and B2Ph1 orchards, for Spring and Fall of 2019, 2020, and 2021 using a Unmaned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) at HASOC, Alberta. The ranking for each vegetation index allowed us to identify which clones performed the best and worst. When using the vegetation indices together from the three orchards and years, the NDGI (which explains greenness and health status), NDVI (index for vegetation growth and nutrient quality), OSAVI (index of vegetation status without soil effect), and GNDVI (index of vegetation abiotic stress) showed the most significant negative correlations with conelet abortion rates. In particular, the B1Ph1 orchard showed negative correlations between abortion rates and NDVI, LCI, and TVI in Spring 2019, the B1Ph2 showed positive correlations between abortion and NDVI, RVI, TVI Spring and Fall 2020, and the B2Ph1 did not show correlations between abortion rate and vegetation indices. Furthermore, vegetation indices and nutrients showed contrasting correlations for each orchard; the B1Ph1 only showed a negative correlation between calcium and GNDVI, LCI, NDRE, the B1Ph2 showed positive correlations between calcium and OSAVI, TVI, GNDVI, LCI, and the B2Ph1 showed negative correlations between potassium and OSACI, and positive correlations between calcium and NDVI. We also observed a positive correlation of 0.34 between GNDVI and d13C, showing that less vegetation abiotic stress would lead to higher water use efficiency. None-the-less, negative correlations between d13C and OSAVI are unclear. We found strong correlations between vegetation indices and microclimate, and observed: (1) in the B1Ph2 orchard, clones 3018 and 3232 showed the lowest NDGI and NDVI with a low average temperature, and clone 3146 showed the highest NDGI and NDVI with a high average temperature during Spring; (2) in the B1Ph1 orchard, clones 1401, 1424, and 668 showed the lowest OSAVI and GNDVI with low maximum temperature, and clone 1119 showing the highest OSAVI and GNDVI with high maximum temperature during Fall; and (3) in the B2Ph1 orchard, clones 1189 and 667 showed the lowest OSAVI and GNDVI with a low minimum temperature, and clones 648, 1026 and 673 showed high OSAVI and GNDVI with a high maximum temperature during Fall and Spring. Finally, the spatial analysis showed the lowest NDVI in the lower section of the B1Ph1 orchard in Spring 2019 and 2021, In the B1Ph2 orchard, a low NDVI index in several areas of the B1Ph2 orchard in Spring and Fall 2020, and low NDVI in the interior right corner of the B2Ph1 orchard in Fall 2020. Overall, these results show some limitations when correlating vegetation indices with abortion rates. Still, those indices correlate with microclimate and are helpful in diagnosing the health and nutrient status of seed orchards. Also, the NDVI index helps recognize areas in the orchard with drought or heat stress. However, further spatial analysis is needed to elucidate spatial correlations between the abortion, vegetation indices, and clone effect.
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[TITLE] => Optimizing a Regional White Spruce Tree Improvement Program: SNP Genotyping for Enhanced Breeding Values, Genetic Diversity Assessment, and Estimation of Pollen Contamination
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[ABSTRACT] => The utilization of genotyping has gained significant popularity in tree improvement programs, aiding in enhancing the precision of breeding values, removing pedigree errors, the assessment of genetic diversity, and evaluating pollen contamination. Our study explores the impact of utilizing 5308 SNP markers to genotype seed orchard parents (166), progeny in progeny trials(667), and seedlot orchard seedlings (780), to simultaneously enhance variance components, breeding values, genetic diversity estimates, and pollen flow in the Region I white spruce (Picea glauca)breeding program in central Alberta (Canada). We compared different individual tree mixed models, including pedigree-based (ABLUP), genomic-based (GBLUP), and single-step pedigree-genomic based (ssGBLUP) models, to estimate variance components and predict breeding values for the height and diameter at breast height traits. The highest heritability estimates were achieved using the ssGBLUP approach, resulting in improved breeding value accuracy compared to the ABLUP and GBLUP models for the studied growth traits. In the six orchard seedlots tested, the genetic diversity of the seedlings remained stable, characterized by an average of approximately 2.00 alleles per SNP, a Shannon Index of approximately 0.44, and an expected and observed heterozygosity of approximately 0.29. The pedigree reconstruction of seed orchard seedlings successfully identified consistent parental contributions and equal genotype contributions in different years. Pollen contamination levels varied between 11% and 70% using SNP markers and 8% to 81% using pollen traps, with traps both over and under-estimating contamination. Overall, integrating genomic information from parents and offspring empowers forest geneticists and breeders in the Region I white spruce breeding program to correct errors, conduct backward and forward selections with greater precision, gain a deeper understanding of the orchard’s genetic structure, select superior seedlots, and accurately estimate the genetic worth of each orchard lot, which can ultimately result in increased and more precise estimates of genetic gain in the studied growth traits.
[KEYWORDS] => Molecular markers; Picea glauca; tree breeding; effective population size; pollen flow
[FULL_TEXT] => egg113/intellcont/Galeano et al. - 2023 - Optimizing a Regional White Spruce Tree Improvement Program SNP Genotyping for Enhanced Breeding Values Genet-1.pdf
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[TITLE] => Climate-Sensitive Growth and Yield Models and Their Application to Assisted Migration
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[PUBLISHER] => European Journal of Forest Research
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[DOI] => https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3627309/v1
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[ABSTRACT] => Growth and yield (G&Y) of forest plantations can be significantly impacted by maladaptation resulting from climate change, and assisted migration has been proposed to mitigate these impacts by restoring populations to their historic climates. However, currently used genecology models for guiding assisted migration lack accounting for impacts of climate change on cumulative growth and requires assumption that responses of forest population to climate do not change with age. Using provenance trial data for interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia Douglas) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in western Canada, we integrated Universal Response Functions (URFs), representing the relationship of population performance with their provenance and site climates, into a G&Y model (Growth and Yield Projection System, GYPSY), to develop a climate-sensitive G&Y model for both species, and therefore to estimate climate change’s impacts on G&Y of local and moving populations and guiding assisted migration. Our findings reveal that climate change is expected to have varying effects on forest productivity across the landscape, with partial areas projected to experience a slight increase in productivity by the 2050s, while rest areas projected to face a significant decline in productivity for both species. Adoption of assisted migration with optimal populations selected was projected to maintain and even improve its productivity at the provincial scale. The findings of this study highlight the importance of accounting for climate change in forest management practices and underscores the relevance and benefits of incorporating assisted migration approaches to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change.
[KEYWORDS] => Assisted migration, climate change, growth and yield, Universal Response Function, white spruce, lodgepole pine
[FULL_TEXT] => egg113/intellcont/542e3533-e08b-4aa3-b6b1-cd7add31a92a-1.pdf
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[TITLE] => Unraveling genetic variation among white spruce families generated through different breeding strategies: Heritability, growth, physiology, hormones and gene expression
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[DOI] => https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1052425/full
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[ABSTRACT] => Tree improvement programs select genotypes for faster growth, at both early and late stages, to increase yields over unimproved material, and the improvement is frequently attributed to genetic control in growth parameters among genotypes. Underutilized genetic variability among genotypes also has the potential to ensure future gains are possible. However, the genetic variation in growth, physiology and hormone control among genotypes generated from different breeding strategies has not been well characterized in conifers. We assessed growth, biomass, gas exchange, gene expression and hormone levels in white spruce seedlings obtained from three different breeding strategies (controlled crosses, polymix pollination, open pollination) using parents grafted into a clonal seed orchard in Alberta, Canada. A pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (ABLUP) mixed model was implemented to quantify variability and narrow-sense heritability for target traits. The levels of several hormones and expression of gibberellin-related genes in apical internodes were also determined. Over the first two years of development, the estimated heritabilities for height, volume, total dry biomass, above-ground dry biomass, root:shoot ratio and root length, varied between 0.10 and 0.21, with height having the highest value. The ABLUP values showed large genetic variability in growth and physiology traits both between families from different breeding strategies, and within families. The principal component analysis showed that developmental and hormonal traits explained 44.2% and 29.4% of the total phenotypic variation between the three different breeding strategies and two growth groups. In general, controlled crosses from the fast growth group showed the best apical growth, with more accumulation of indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, phaseic acid, and a 4-fold greater gene expression of PgGA3ox1 genotypes from controlled crosses versus those from open pollination. However, in some cases, open pollination from the fast and slow growth groups showed the best root development, higher water use efficiency (iWUEand d13C), and more accumulation of zeatin and isopentenyladenosine. In conclusion, tree domestication can lead to trade-offs between growth, carbon allocation, photosynthesis, hormone levels and gene expression, and we encourage the use of this phenotypic variation identified in improved and unimproved trees to advance white spruce tree improvement programs.
[KEYWORDS] => Conifers, tree improvement, phenotypic variation, domestication, selection, gas exchange, phytohormones
[FULL_TEXT] => egg113/intellcont/Galeano Thomas - 2023 - Unraveling genetic variation among white spruce families generated through different breeding strategies Herit-1.pdf
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[TITLE] => An economic analysis and seed yield assessment of alternative breeding strategies in a white spruce tree improvement program
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[FNAME] => Simon
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[LNAME] => Bockstette
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[LNAME] => Thomas
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[PUBLISHER] => The Forestry Chronicle
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[VOLUME] => 99
[ISSUE] => 1
[PAGENUM] => 1-15
[DOI] => https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2023-001
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[ABSTRACT] => Tree improvement programs in Alberta have been primarily based on selections from open-pollinated wild stand trees, without systematic breeding of elite parents through controlled pollination. This strategy has resulted in relatively slow advances in genetic gain in most programs, given their age. Our objective was to compare seed yield, genetic parameters, and economic implications of three different breeding strategies to advance Alberta’s white spruce (Picea glauca(Moench) Voss) improvement programs. Eighteen genotypes, identified as ‘elite’ based on height breeding values (BV), were selected from a first-generation white spruce orchard and controlled crosses (CC) and controlled polymix (PM)crosses performed to compare seed yield and genetic parameters with open-pollinated (OP) seedlots from the same parent. Results show, that on average, OP seedlots had 29 seeds/cone and weighed 2.7 grams/1000 seeds, significantly larger than the CC seedlots with a mean of 10 seeds/cone and 2.2 g/1000 seeds. Polymix crosses produced intermediate mean values with 19 seeds/cone and 2.5 g/1000 seeds and were not significantly different from the other two breeding strategies. No statistical differences were found for cone length or germination percentage among the CC, PM, and OP breeding strategies. Significant phenotypic variability was found for seeds/cone (yield) and seed weight among families from CC, and these traits had moderate narrow-sense heritabilities of 0.49 (±0.11) and 0.29 (±0.13), respectively. There was no significant correlation between the general combining ability (GCA) of seed yield and BV for seedling growth, but femalesF132, F138, and F927 and males M966, M1002, and M1045 showed the best performance in seed yield and growth and would be good candidates to include in future controlled crosses. If CC breeding is considered a strategy for operational seed production, as conducted elsewhere, the highest land expectation value (LEV) was $141 CAD/ha at age 60, and the best net present values (NPV) were for both discount rates (2%, 4%) with log prices ($90 CAD/m3, $200 CAD/m3) tested. However, this advantage of CC vs PM and OP only occurred on the highest quality sites (i.e., Site Index (SI) 13 and 18).On the low-productivity site (SI = 6), with the various scenarios, improved material did not show any financial benefit. Our results show that seeds produced from the controlled crosses breeding strategy were inferior to those produced from the controlled polymix and open-pollinated strategies. However, with sufficient investment and company support, the CC breeding strategy could be used as a cost-effective method to increase genetic gain and advance white spruce breeding programs in Alberta.
[KEYWORDS] => Elite breeding; controlled pollination; pollination bags; conifers; land expectation values; profitability.
[FULL_TEXT] => egg113/intellcont/Galeano Bockstette Thomas - 2023 - An economic analysis and seed yield assessment of alternative breeding strategies in a white spruce-1.pdf
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[TITLE] => Effect of soil warming on growth and physiology of aspen seedlings from Alberta, Canada
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[FNAME] => Stephanie
[MNAME] => B
[LNAME] => Rudnew
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[FNAME] => Esteban
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[LNAME] => Galeano
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[FNAME] => Barb
[MNAME] => R
[LNAME] => Thomas
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[VOLUME] => 99
[ISSUE] => 1
[PAGENUM] => 1-13
[DOI] => https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2023-002
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[ABSTRACT] => Boreal tree species are migrating northwards due to rising temperatures, and differences in heat tolerance can impact therange limits of boreal species. Soil warming may benefit tree growth by promoting root development, or harm growth bycreating a high-stress environment, increasing root respiration rates. We assessed the impact of soil warming on thegrowth of 2-year-old trembling aspen seedlings from 10 families. These families originated from Peace River, in centralAlberta, and Camrose, near the southern boreal fringe in Alberta, Canada. We correlated growth traits with climatic datafrom each region and analyzed the effect of soil warming on the gas exchange of seedlings from Camrose. Families fromPeace River exhibited greater growth overall, regardless of warming treatment, while families from Camrose showed apositive growth response under soil warming. Camrose families exposed to soil warming showed greater total leaf areaand total leaf biomass compared to those without warming. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that,regardless of region, some families displayed stronger positive responses and appeared better adapted to soil warmingthan others. The overall positive response of the Camrose families to soil warming suggests that they have the capacity totake advantage of warmer environmental conditions. Our results indicate regional growth differences in aspen familiesin Alberta and variation in performance between families within a region, indicating there is differential capacity withinlocal populations to acclimate under rapid climate change.
[KEYWORDS] => Boreal forest; climate change; temperature; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; water use efficiency.
[FULL_TEXT] => egg113/intellcont/Rudnew Galeano Thomas - 2023 - Effect of soil warming on growth and physiology of aspen seedlings from Alberta Canada-1.pdf
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[TITLE] => Overexpression of TgERF1, a Transcription Factor from Tectona grandis, Increases Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stress in Tobacco
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[TITLE] => Overexpression of the Tectona grandis TgNAC01 regulates growth, leaf senescence and confer salt stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants
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[ABSTRACT] => Teak is the most valuable commercial timber in the tropics due to its high durability, qualities of color, density and resistance to external environmental factors. Despite its relevance, genetic studies are still limited. For example, gene expression studies of teak genes from different tissues (stem, branch, root, leaf, flower) under treatments and in different environmental conditions are essential to elucidate the molecular biology of teak and provide information for practical purposes. Advanced methodologies and techniques, including RNA sequencing, quantitative real-time reverse transcription RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and gene cloning, among many others, are already available. They allow us to study molecular processes of trees and thousands of genes at the same time. Research on teak biotechnology has traditionally focused on the study of teak population variability and genetic diversity using polymorphic markers in the last 10 years. Several institutions have been involved in those studies in Asia (India, Thailand, Myanmar), Europe (France, Belgium, Germany, Denmark), Africa (Togo, Côte d´Ivoire, Ghana) and in Latin America (Brazil, Costa Rica). The Agriculture College “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo (USP) (Brazil) has studied the genetic variability, genomics, transcriptomics, dendrochronology and wood properties of teak, using Brazilian populations
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