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[TITLE] => Identifying optimal locations for biochar production facilities to reduce wildfire risk and bolster rural economies: A New Mexico case study
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[PUBLISHER] => Forest Policy and Economics
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[ABSTRACT] => Many land managers throughout the Intermountain West practice periodic thinning of woody biomass to reduce forest stand density and thereby reduce the risk of high severity wildfire. Pyrolyzing biomass wastes, such as slash from thinning, into biochar can help sequester carbon to mitigate climate change and improve soil health. However, there are insufficient biochar facilities to process the amount of woody biomass available from thinning throughout the Intermountain West. By presenting a case of New Mexico, this study provides a spatially explicit framework, which explains relationships among variables based on their spatial dimension, to utilize a variety of factors such as biomass availability, wildfire risks, markets, soil conditions, and road networks to identify optimal location(s) for new biochar production facilities. Several locations suitable for biochar production facilities have been identified, but the number needed depends on facility capacity and feedstock hauling distances. Findings from this study can help establish several medium-size or a single centralized biochar production facility(ies) in the region. Furthermore, establishment of biochar production facilities can incentivize forestry contractors and landowners to expedite thinning operations in densely overstocked forests of New Mexico. Finally, it can serve as a model that other regions in the Intermountain West can use to facilitate scaling of biochar facilities and production.
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[TITLE] => Factors influencing intention to visit wildlife management areas : A survey of sportspersons and other recreationists in Tennessee
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[PUBLISHER] => Human Dimensions of Wildlife
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[VOLUME] => 29
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[TITLE] => Where we stand on chronic wasting disease: A systematic literature review of its prevalence patterns, impacts, and management interventions
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[PUBLISHER] => Heliyon
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[VOLUME] => 10
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[DOI] => 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31951
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[ABSTRACT] => With high fatality and no cure, chronic wasting disease (CWD) has infected cervids in multiple regions, including the United States, Canada, Europe, and South Korea. Despite the rapid growth of literature on CWD, the full scope of its ecological, social, and economic impacts and the most effective and socially acceptable management strategies to mitigate the disease is unclear. Of 3008 initially identified published peer-reviewed papers, 134 were included in a final systematic literature review to synthesize the current knowledge on CWD transmission patterns, impacts, and the effectiveness of management interventions. The number of publications on CWD has increased steadily since 2000 with an average of six papers per year. Most papers were related to CWD prevalence (39 %), human behavior (33 %), CWD impacts (31 %), and management interventions (16 %). Environmental factors such as soil, water, and plants were identified as the most common transmission medium, with a higher prevalence rate among adult male cervids than females. Hunters showed a higher risk perception and were more likely to change hunting behavior due to CWD detection than non-hunters. Ecological impacts included the decreased survival rate accompanied by lower population growth, eventually leading to the decline of cervid populations. Culling was found to be an effective and widely implemented management strategy across countries, although it often was associated with public resistance. Despite potentially high negative economic impacts anticipated due to CWD, studies on this subject were limited. Sustained surveillance, ongoing research, and engagement of affected stakeholders will be essential for future disease control and management.
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[STATUS] => Published
[TITLE] => Natural area visitors’ willingness to pay for amphibian conservation in a global biodiversity hotspot
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[FNAME] => Alexa
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[PUBLISHER] => Journal for Nature Conservation
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[VOLUME] => 76
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[DOI] => 10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126499
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[ABSTRACT] => Transfer of harmful pathogens from imported pet animals to natural populations of wildlife is a new challenge in protected area management. Understanding visitors’ preferences for, and value they place on, protecting biodiversity from such disturbances is important in developing effective management interventions. By conducting a visitor survey at two natural areas in the Southern Appalachian region of the United States, a global hotspot of amphibian biodiversity, this study examined natural area visitors’ willingness to pay (WTP) to conserve wild amphibian populations under two different assumptions for the distribution of WTP – normal and log-transformed. Results from the retained model assuming a normal distribution for WTP showed that visitors were willing to pay US$10.55 (95% CI US$9.61—US$11.50) per visit in donation to ensure the persistence of healthy amphibian populations. Determinants of individual WTP under both model specifications included the perceived threat to amphibians from pathogen transmission in natural areas they visit, their self-assessed familiarity with general knowledge about amphibians, the level of importance they placed on the benefits to humans from amphibian biodiversity, and annual household income. These findings are useful in understanding the economic value of amphibian diversity to natural area visitors, and in assessing the viability of a visitor-supported mechanism to fund projects mitigating anthropogenic threats to amphibian biodiversity.
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[ABSTRACT] => Pathogen transmission through wildlife trade has become a significant One Health issue, but businesses involved in trade can take actions to minimize pathogen spread within and beyond trade networks. Such actions could include an industry-led clean-trade certification program whereby retailer costs for enhanced biosecurity and disease-free product certification are offset by increased prices to consumers. However, we currently know little about the demand for, and value of such a program to consumers. With the case of pet amphibian owners in the United States, we assessed what characteristics make people more likely to demand certified wild animals and how much more in price premium they are willing to pay for such animals. Findings suggested that the demand for pathogen-free amphibians was driven by the perceived risk of pathogen spillover to wild populations, behavioral control in preventing transmission, and other characteristics related to pet ownership and demographics. On average, respondents were willing to pay $38.65 per animal more for certified pathogen-free amphibians than non-certified amphibians. Findings lend support for the viability of an industry-led clean-trade program aimed at enhancing animal well-being, increasing customer satisfaction, and reducing the risk of pathogen transmission within and beyond the pet trade network.
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[TITLE] => Farmer perceived challenges toward conservation practice usage in the margins of the Corn Belt, USA
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[ABSTRACT] => While conservation practices promote soil health and reduce the negative environmental effects from agricultural production, their adoption rates are generally low. To facilitate farmer adoption, we carried out a survey to identify potential challenges faced by farmers regarding conservation tillage and cover crop adoption in the western margin of the US Corn Belt. We found farmers' top two concerns regarding conservation tillage were delayed planting, caused by slow soil warming in spring, and increased dependence on herbicide and fungicides. Narrow planting window and lack of time/labor were perceived by farmers as the two primary challenges for cover crop adoption. Some sense of place factors, including the commonly included dimensions of attachment, identity and dependence, played a role in farmers' perceived challenges. For example, respondents more economically dependent on farming perceived greater challenges. We found that farmers' challenge perceptions regarding reduced yield and lack of time/labor significantly decreased as years of usage increased, implying that time and experience could dilute some challenges faced by farmers. Our findings indicate that social network use, technical guidance and economic subsidies are likely to address the concerns of farmers and facilitate their adoption of conservation practices.
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[TITLE] => Natural area visitors’ potential role in preventing pathogen threats to amphibian biodiversity
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[PUBLISHER] => Environmental Conservation
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[ABSTRACT] => The anthropogenic spread of disease from captive to wild amphibian populations (referred to as spillover) is linked to global amphibian declines. Disinfecting procedures and protocols exist to mitigate pathogen transmission to and within natural areas, but understanding of visitor attitudes and behaviour regarding their adoption is limited. We surveyed visitors in two natural areas in a global amphibian biodiversity hotspot to assess their attitudes regarding pathogen spread in such areas and analysed the factors influencing their behavioural intentions to take specific actions to prevent pathogen spillover. Visitors’ willingness to take action was influenced by their attitudes, behavioural control and trust in wildlife/land managers, whereas socio-demographic characteristics were less influential. These findings help us to understand visitor behaviour with respect to amphibian biosecurity in natural areas and inform enhanced biosecurity measures and strategic messaging to reduce pathogen spillover.
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[TITLE] => Predictors of landowners’ intention to manage emerald ash borer in Kentucky
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[FNAME] => William
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[FNAME] => Ellen
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[LNAME] => Crocker
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[FNAME] => Mo
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[PUBLISHER] => Forest Science
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[VOLUME] => 69
[ISSUE] => 4
[PAGENUM] => 452-462
[DOI] => 10.1093/forsci/fxad008
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[WEB_ADDRESS] => https://academic.oup.com/forestscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/forsci/fxad008/7058895
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[ABSTRACT] => Native ash species in the central hardwood region of the United States have been threatened by infestations of emerald ash borers (EAB), which have caused significant damage to the forests’ ecological and economic value. Because private landowners own most of these forestlands, their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior are important in managing EAB effectively across the landscape. We conducted a mail survey of landowners in Kentucky, where EAB are spreading across the state and causing variable levels of damage depending upon how long they have been established, and assessed whether and how psychosocial and demographic factors help explain the landowner’s behavioral intention to manage EAB on their property. The results of an ordinal logistic regression model, grounded in a modified theory of planned behavior framework, suggested that severity of risk perception, knowledge about management options, importance of economic objectives, and perceived group efficacy were related positively to landowners’ intention to manage EAB. These findings shed light on landowners’ perspective of EAB’s effects and the role of psychosocial factors in their motivation to adopt EAB control options.
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[TITLE] => Understanding forest landowner attitudes, perceived risk, and response to Emerald Ash Borer in Kentucky
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[FNAME] => Ellen
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[LNAME] => Crocker
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[FNAME] => Mo
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[PUBLISHER] => Journal of Forestry
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[VOLUME] => 121
[ISSUE] => 2
[PAGENUM] => 157-167
[DOI] => 10.1093/JOFORE/FVAC040
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[ISBNISSN] => 0022-1201
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[ABSTRACT] => Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis), an invasive nonnative beetle, is responsible for the mortality of ash trees in the eastern and midwestern United States. Despite efforts to contain this beetle through various control options, human-induced spread of EAB has caused damage to ash forests in many states. Because most ash trees are under private ownership, it is important to understand how landowners evaluate the risk of EAB and perceive the effectiveness of various control options. A mail survey of private forest landowners was conducted in Kentucky in 2020 to assess their awareness and perception of various control options of EAB infestation. Results from this survey suggest that landowners are concerned about EAB and the associated increased risks, reduced quality of scenic views, and increased cleanup costs. Landowners experiencing EAB infestation believed that EAB management needs collective actions and that current efforts by government agencies are not sufficient. However, few landowners are taking actions themselves to manage EAB on their property. These findings shed light on the extent to which landowners are concerned about EAB impact and emphasize the need for development of effective control options and outreach programs to increase landowner engagement and actions in EAB control and management.
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[TITLE] => Landowner satisfaction with conservation programs in the southern United States
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[FNAME] => Robert
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[LNAME] => Grala
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[FNAME] => Donald
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[LNAME] => Grebner
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[FNAME] => Daniel
[MNAME] => R.
[LNAME] => Petrolia
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[PUBLISHER] => Sustainability (Switzerland)
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[VOLUME] => 14
[ISSUE] => 9
[PAGENUM] => 5513
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[ABSTRACT] => Landowner satisfaction with conservation programs affects their participation decisions and subsequently effectiveness of these programs in improving environmental quality. This study determined the influence of landownership goals, environmental concerns, frequency of contacts with federal agencies, and socioeconomic factors on landowner satisfaction with available conservation programs in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley and East Gulf Coastal Plain sub-geographies of the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative. A generalized ordered logit model for each conservation program was constructed to analyze factors influencing landowner satisfaction levels with these programs. Of the 14 federal conservation programs assessed, the top programs, based on a satisfaction level, included Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), Conservation Technical Assistance (CTA), Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP), and Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP). The size of agricul- tural land owned, landownership goals including profit-making and personal recreation, concerns about wildlife habitat losses, and frequent contacts with federal agencies were positively related to landowner satisfaction levels. Better strategies addressing landowner’s environmental concerns, communicating technical knowledge, clarifying contract terms, and supporting financial resource leveraging will help reach the enrolled and non-enrolled landowners to increase their participation in conservation efforts. Keywords:
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[DTY_PUB] => 2022
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[TITLE] => Landowner willingness to accept monetary compensation for managing forests for ecosystem services in the southern United States
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[PUBLISHER] => Forest Science
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[VOLUME] => 68
[ISSUE] => 2
[PAGENUM] => 128-144
[DOI] => 10.1093/forsci/fxab063
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[ABSTRACT] => Distributional specifications of the willingness-to-accept function affect the accuracy of welfare estimates when the contingent valuation model includes unsure responses. By exponentiating the bid variable, we implemented an improved methodological approach to estimate four discrete choice models reflecting treatment of unsure responses. Landowners required an average compensation of $93 acre −1 year −1 to participate in a 10-year conservation program. The probability of participation was positively influenced by payment amount, concern about wildlife habitat loss, contact frequency with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, and education level. Findings will help determine regional-level budgets for various conservation scenarios facilitating an increased production of ecosystem services. Study Implications: Conservation agencies can decrease landowner uncertainty that arises from limited information about conservation programs and motivate landowners to enroll in a conservation program facilitating an increased production of ecosystem services by offering adequate monetary incentives. Conservation agencies can provide similar financial compensation for conservation of bottomland hardwoods and pine stands but will most likely need to offer greater compensation for the protection of forests prone from impacts by wildfires, hurricanes, and tornadoes. Available funding should be prioritized for conservation of critical habitats and freshwater sources vulnerable to land disturbances.
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[TITLE] => The effect of foreign remittance on timber imports : Evidence from Nepal
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[PUBLISHER] => Journal of Forest Research
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[VOLUME] => 27
[ISSUE] => 5
[PAGENUM] => 323 - 333
[DOI] => 10.1080/13416979.2022.2034228
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[ABSTRACT] => Increasing flow of foreign remittance in low- and middle-income countries has facilitated international trade and increased economic activities. With time-series modeling of data in Nepal, one of the developing countries with high remittance flow, this study analyzed determi- nants of timber imports and evaluated the short- and long-run effects of foreign remittance on timber imports. Results from the vector error correction model showed that foreign remittance inflow was positively related to both roundwood and sawnwood imports in long run. However, timber imports had negative long-run relationship with GDP growth suggesting that import- based timber utilizing industry have not created comparative advantage in timber market. Short-run dynamic models indicated that demand for sawnwood in domestic market is more stable than for roundwood. As foreign remittance inflow and the national economy continue to grow, ensuring the continued supply of quality sawlogs at a cheaper rate from domestic producers may help sustain the growth of timber industry, decrease foreign dependence on timber products, and help reduce national trade deficits in the long run.
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[TITLE] => Hunters’ willingness to pay to avoid processing costs associated with harvesting infected game
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[PUBLISHER] => Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics
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[VOLUME] => 54
[ISSUE] => 1
[PAGENUM] => 93-113
[DOI] => 10.1017/aae.2021.26
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[ABSTRACT] => We assessed hunters’ willingness to participate in a scheme to recover the costs associated with processing diseased game. The results indicated that fifty-one percent of the hunters in a region affected by chronic wasting disease are interested in such a scheme and willing to pay an average of $20 per animal. Their willingness to participate is affected by risk perception, hunting experience, use of processing services, and income. Further, establishing such a market-based scheme would be financially profitable to game processors and helpful to wildlife agencies interested in encouraging hunters’ harvest to reduce herds and facilitate effective disease surveillance.
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[TITLE] => Landowner concerns related to availability of ecosystem services and environmental issues in the southern United States
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[FNAME] => Donald
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[PUBLISHER] => Ecosystem Services
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[VOLUME] => 49
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[PAGENUM] => 101283
[DOI] => 10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101283
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[ABSTRACT] => The effectiveness of conservation initiatives on private lands in the southern United States plays an important role in improving provision of ecosystem services and mitigating negative environmental impacts. However, participation in conservation efforts is in part affected by landowner concern about environmental issues. This study used a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) to quantify the impacts of local environmental conditions (e.g., air and water pollution, population density, and land cover type), private land attributes and sociodemographic factors on landowner ecosystem service and environmental concerns. The study involved a mail survey of private landowners in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley and East Gulf Coastal Plain sub-geographies of the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative. At least 37% of landowners were extremely concerned about drinking water quality, drinking water quantity, soil erosion, loss of wildlife habitat, and loss of open spaces. Local environmental conditions and sociodemographic factors were only marginally related to landowner ecosystem service and environmental concerns, although these factors could affect landowner environmental attitudes, personal health and outdoor activities. Private land attributes, such as property size and landownership objectives, strongly influenced landowner concerns about environmental issues where landowners with larger agricultural land parcels, and who owned land for profit making and provision of ecosystem services were more concerned about environmental issues than other landowners. Conservation policies should focus not only on activities that address ecosystem service and environmental issues that are of concern to landowners but also help them attain their landownership objectives because such approach is more likely to increase their participation in conservation practices.
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[TITLE] => Nonindustrial private forest landowner willingness to pay for prescribed burning to lower wildfire hazards
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[PUBLISHER] => Forest Policy and Economics
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[VOLUME] => 127
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[PAGENUM] => 102451
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[ABSTRACT] => Despite the crucial role nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners play in reducing hazardous fuels across large landscapes, there is lack of information concerning their support and valuation of fuel reduction treatments. This study determined NIPF landowners willingness to pay (WTP) for implementing prescribed burning on their forestland to lower wildfire hazards using a contingent valuation method (CVM). Of 2,000 questionnaires sent, a total of 531 landowners responded to the CV question. Of which, 26% of landowners were willing to pay the given payment amount to reduce wildfire hazard on their land using prescribed burning. The mean WTP was $41.39 per acre with a 95% confidence interval of $14.70 to $66.86 per acre. Landowner tolerance for smoke from prescribed burning, consideration of liability, concern about property damages due to wildfires, and education level were positively related with WTP. Since WTP for implementing prescribed burning was higher than its cost, available budgets can be more efficiently utilized by prioritizing more resources towards technical and educational programs on prescribed burn planning, implementing, and monitoring.
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[STATUS] => Published
[TITLE] => Financial compensation for biodiversity conservation in Ba Be National Park of Northern Vietnam
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[PUBLISHER] => Journal for Nature Conservation
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[PAGENUM] => 92-100
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[ABSTRACT] => Terrestrial biodiversity is seriously threatened by an increasing deforestation rate. Financial incentives can stimulate local people to participate in biodiversity conservation. A common approach to derive financial compensation is estimating the opportunity costs arising from the adoption of conservation-friendly land-use practices. Assuming that farmers are risk averse, we used a decision-making under uncertainty approach to derive financial compensation for local people living in and around Ba Be National Park, Vietnam. Moderately risk-averse farmers need US$ 228 ha???1 year???1 financial compensation for the protection of natural forests in the Ecological Rehabilitation and Buffer Zones, whereas the required compensation reaches US$ 334 ha???1 year???1 in the Strict Protection Zone. These compensation payments were derived by comparing financial returns from natural forests with those of the most profitable land-use (maize). Compensation amounts decrease to US$ 130 ha???1 year???1 in the Ecological Rehabilitation and Buffer Zones and to US$ 218 ha???1 year???1 in the Strict Protection Zone, when considering diversification strategy. Derived financial compensations assume that farms comprise 20% croplands and 80% forest. We conclude that compensation amounts vary with farmers??? risk preferences, whether or not diversification strategy is considered, and the level of protection of a given area.
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